When searching for cybersecurity services and products you’ll come across penetration testing frequently in the discussions.. One of the key and widely used assessments is an external penetration test which involves probing vulnerabilities and risks that a network or system might face in a hands on manner.. A security analyst will role play, as an actor attempting to breach your companys network during this test..
There exist forms of penetration tests accessible to businesses globally with a wide range of options available – including external and internal pen tests along with web application pen tests among others mandatory for consumer protection compliance making it a crucial discussion point within the corporate realm.. Typically an external pen test serves as the phase, in initiating a cybersecurity strategy.
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What is an external penetration test?
An external penetration test is a type of test that evaluates the security perimeter of a network from an external perspective. It simulates an attacker attempting to breach the network by exploiting vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the business’s security. Following the test, the business will understand what updates and security measures are needed.
These vulnerability scans are conducted manually by a security analyst who reviews each server and access point, including web servers, mail servers, firewalls, and other system components. Unlike automated scans, which follow predefined guidelines, manual scans offer more detailed insights. They allow for a thorough examination of each component and a deeper investigation of specific areas if needed.
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What happens during an external penetration test?
At the start of the service, a kickoff engagement will take place. During this phase, the company and the penetration testing firm will agree on the timing and scheduling. Although it is typically scheduled for a future date, it may occasionally be arranged sooner, depending on the availability of both the cybersecurity firm and its clients.
The next phase is scoping. This involves a scoping interview between a member of the cybersecurity firm’s team and the head of the company’s IT or cybersecurity department. The interview includes questions about the network’s size, existing defenses, and other relevant details. While the questions are not overly complex, the process can be detailed depending on the company’s size and employee count.
On the designated day, the test will commence. Security analysts will attempt to breach the network’s perimeter using contemporary methods employed by malicious actors, such as infiltration programs, social engineering, and more. As this is a simulation, no real threat is posed to your network, though the attack might be conducted discreetly depending on the scoping phase.
Once the test is complete, the cybersecurity firm will usually provide a detailed report outlining all identified vulnerabilities and security issues. If the report is satisfactory and no major issues are found, a rescan may not be necessary. The report will be adequate for the examiner.
If significant issues are discovered, the business will need to address them. A rescan may then be performed to verify that the issues have been resolved. A new report will be generated for review, which will be important for compliance purposes. It is crucial to be thorough, even if the details are technical for those receiving the service.
Difference Between External Penetration Test and Internal Penetration Test
| Type of Penetration Test | Description | Main Focus | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| External Penetration Test | Conducted from outside a company’s network and IT system, similar to testing a large security fence. | Identifying vulnerabilities in external defenses and ensuring software and firmware updates are current. | Find gaps or weaknesses in the security perimeter to enhance external defenses. |
| Internal Penetration Test | Simulates an attack from within the network or IT system, assuming the attacker has breached external defenses. | Understanding what an attacker could access from inside and protecting against internal threats. | Assess access and vulnerabilities from within the network to safeguard against internal threats, such as rogue employees. |
Penetration Tests and Vulnerability Assessments
One common question is the difference between penetration tests and vulnerability assessments. While they share similarities, the main differences lie in their detail and depth. Penetration tests are typically manual, conducted by a real person actively seeking out security holes, whereas vulnerability assessments are often automated and follow specific parameters set for the scan.
The debate between automation and manual testing is extensive, but manual testing is generally considered superior. With manual tests, you can directly interact with the analyst, discuss the findings, and address any false positives or issues that arise. A real person can provide insights and clarify any concerns about the results.
In contrast, vulnerability assessments operate with preset parameters, meaning they only check for what they are programmed to detect. This can lead to missed vulnerabilities if they are not included in the initial scan. Automated scans may occasionally be accepted by examiners and compliance reviews, but they do not offer the comprehensive insights that a manual penetration test provides.
FAQ’s
What is an external penetration test?
An external penetration test assesses a network’s security from outside, simulating an attack to find vulnerabilities and weaknesses.
What happens during an external penetration test?
The process includes a kickoff meeting to schedule the test, a scoping interview to understand the network, and then analysts simulate attacks to identify weaknesses. A detailed report is provided afterward.
How is an external penetration test different from an internal one?
An external test looks at security from outside the network, while an internal test simulates an attack from within, identifying internal vulnerabilities.
How do penetration tests differ from vulnerability assessments?
Penetration tests are manual and offer detailed insights from a real person, whereas vulnerability assessments are automated and follow preset rules, often missing some issues.
Why is manual testing often preferred?
Manual testing provides deeper insights and allows for direct interaction with the analyst, whereas automated scans may miss vulnerabilities and offer less detailed analysis.
Conclusion
Penetration testing, both external and internal, plays a crucial role in a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy. External tests simulate attacks from outside to find vulnerabilities in the network perimeter, while internal tests assess risks from within. Although automated vulnerability assessments have their place, manual penetration tests offer more detailed insights and are preferred for their thoroughness. By integrating both types of penetration testing into your security practices, you can enhance your defenses, address potential weaknesses, and ensure a robust security posture.
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