What is Edge Computing?

Edge Computing focuses on moving processing and storage capabilities closer to the data source. This distributed computing approach is an excellent infrastructure strategy, especially when ultra-low latency and real-time response are crucial for application performance and user experience.

How does Edge Computing work?

Edge computing reduces the burden on cloud or centralized computing by shifting processing power to the edge. The edge computing topology places compute and storage resources close to the user or data sources, enabling the processing, filtering, and analysis of data, with results sent back to the user in near real-time.

An Edge stack, comprising sufficient compute, storage, and analytic capabilities, is established near the data source or user endpoint. These edge stacks, distributed across the network, analyze data locally and send only the necessary information to the cloud or central location for further analysis or storage, thus reducing turnaround time.

What are the benefits of Edge Computing?

Faster Response Time: Processing data in real-time at the enterprise endpoint enhances application responsiveness securely, avoiding the delays associated with sending data to and from the central server.

Better Economics: With the exponential growth of data, there is a constant need for increased computing power and a faster, more capacious network, which drives up costs. Processing most data at the edge and sending it to the central server only when necessary can be more efficient.

Autonomous Operations: Downtimes are inevitable, but system availability can be improved by offloading central computing and network connections, bringing workloads closer to the user or data source.

Challenges of edge computing

Although edge computing offers significant benefits across various use cases, the technology is not without its challenges. Beyond traditional network limitations, several key considerations can impact the adoption of edge computing:

Limited Capability: Cloud computing brings a variety and scale of resources and services to edge (or fog) computing. While deploying infrastructure at the edge can be effective, the scope and purpose of the deployment must be clearly defined. Even an extensive edge computing deployment serves a specific purpose at a predetermined scale using limited resources and few services.

Connectivity: Although edge computing mitigates typical network limitations, it still requires a minimum level of connectivity. Designing an edge deployment that can handle poor or erratic connectivity is crucial, including planning for autonomy, AI, and graceful failure in the event of connectivity issues.

Security: IoT devices are often insecure, making it essential to design an edge computing deployment that emphasizes proper device management, such as policy-driven configuration enforcement and security in computing and storage resources. This includes software patching, updates, and encryption for data at rest and in transit. While major cloud providers offer secure communications for IoT services, this security is not automatic when building an edge site from scratch.

Data Lifecycles: The data glut problem means much of the collected data is unnecessary. For instance, a medical monitoring device only needs to retain problematic data, not days of normal patient data. Most real-time analytics data is short-term and not kept long-term. Businesses must decide which data to retain and what to discard after analyses, ensuring retained data is protected according to business and regulatory policies.

What is Edge Computing used for?

Any use case that demands faster response times or faces challenges with reliable and efficient network bandwidth can greatly benefit from Edge computing. Here are a few examples:

Retail: Edge computing allows retailers to advance all aspects of their operations, forming a foundation for post-pandemic recovery. It enables the implementation of new, fit-for-purpose applications while establishing future-proof practices. With a solid foundation, it becomes easier to integrate in-store endpoints, AI/ML and personalization technologies, fulfillment and shipping processes, and customer intelligence.

Manufacturing and Warehousing: Automation using ML inference at customer premises analyzes images and videos to detect quality issues in the supply chain and assembly line. This helps plant engineers address issues quickly, reducing expensive downtime or rework.

Autonomous Vehicles: Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything is crucial for enabling autonomous driving and real-time HD maps for road safety. Low latency access to the necessary infrastructure for data processing and analytics at the edge supports real-time monitoring of vehicle data.

Preventive Measures: Edge computing aids in diagnosing and resolving anomalies locally, resulting in faster actions. This is particularly useful in remote rigs and manufacturing units.

Law Enforcement: Edge computing supports public infrastructure and law enforcement by enabling remote locations with cameras and local analytics capabilities to identify trespassing or loitering and send alarms only when such events occur. Footage from squad car dash cams and body cams is uploaded over dual LTE links, with SD-WAN improving connection quality and ensuring traffic is sent to a central repository for video post-processing, analysis, and storage.

Healthcare: Diagnostics and imaging require significant bandwidth. AI/ML-based video analytics and imaging solutions help healthcare professionals speed up diagnoses. Medical device image or video streams are processed at the edge, and the response is returned to the user device.

Why is Edge Computing important?

With the continuous rise of IoT and smart devices, the demand for processing the generated data remains constant. Moreover, workforce, information, and infrastructure are no longer confined to a few enterprise-defined locations. This decentralization necessitates decentralized processing and storage, as transporting large volumes of traffic to and from central systems is both inefficient and expensive. While a single device can easily transmit data across a network, problems arise when many devices transmit data simultaneously.

Another important aspect is driving 5G connectivity. Since 5G operates on low frequency, data must travel through relatively more hops from user to application. With Edge computing, most of the processing can be done at the edge, with only the necessary data sent to the core.

Types of edge computing technology

Fog Computing: Fog computing decentralizes a computing infrastructure by extending the cloud through strategically placed nodes between the cloud and edge devices. This approach brings data, compute, storage, and applications closer to the user or IoT device where data processing is needed, creating a “fog” outside the centralized cloud and reducing data transfer times for processing.

Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC): According to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), MEC provides application developers and content providers with cloud-computing capabilities and an IT service environment at the network edge. This environment offers ultra-low latency, high bandwidth, and real-time access to radio network information that can be utilized by applications.

Micro Data Centers: Micro data centers are highly mobile and rugged, offering the same components as traditional data centers but deployable locally near the data source. These flexible micro data centers can be custom-built and configured to meet the specific needs of unique situations, enabling rapid deployment to underserved areas or disaster sites.

Cloudlets: Modeled after clouds, cloudlets are small-scale, mobility-enhanced data centers placed close to edge devices to offload processes. They are designed to improve resource-intensive and interactive mobile apps by providing low-latency computing resources.

Emergency Response Units: These mobile, self-contained units provide interoperable communications for first responders in emergencies. They can be rapidly deployed to any crisis site, along with a highly skilled Tactical Operations team, to re-establish communications in affected areas.

The future of edge computing in your industry

CIOs in banking, mining, retail, and various other industries are developing strategies to personalize customer experiences, generate faster insights and actions, and maintain continuous operations. This can be achieved through a decentralized computing architecture known as edge computing. However, specific use cases within each industry drive the need for edge IT.

Banks might use edge computing to analyze ATM video feeds in real-time, enhancing consumer safety. Mining companies can leverage their data to optimize operations, improve worker safety, reduce energy consumption, and increase productivity. Retailers can personalize shopping experiences for customers and quickly communicate specialized offers. Companies using kiosk services can automate the remote distribution and management of their kiosk-based applications, ensuring continued operation even with poor or no network connectivity.

FAQ’s

What’s the big deal about Edge Computing? Why is it different from regular cloud computing?

Regular cloud computing stores your data and runs programs in giant data centers far away. Edge computing, on the other hand, brings the processing power closer to where the data is actually created, like on a factory floor or even in your self-driving car. This allows for much faster decision-making because the data doesn’t have to travel as far.

How does Edge Computing actually work?

Imagine a bunch of small computers spread out near where data is generated, like factories, stores, or even on traffic lights. These mini-computers process and analyze the data right there, only sending the important stuff back to the “main office” for further analysis. This keeps things fast and efficient.

Who can benefit from Edge Computing?

Anyone who needs lightning-fast responses or struggles with unreliable networks. Retailers can personalize your shopping experience, factories can catch problems before they happen, and even self-driving cars can make quicker decisions.

Conclusion

Edge computing revolutionizes data processing by decentralizing it closer to the source. This approach reduces latency, enhances performance, and fuels innovation across industries. As technologies like IoT and AI evolve alongside 5G connectivity, edge computing will be pivotal in enabling real-time decision-making, improving efficiency, and enhancing user experiences. Its capability to handle large volumes of data securely positions edge computing at the forefront of transforming our digital future.